Flooding

Floods are one of the most common hazards in the United States and may occur during any month of the year. A flood is defined when water overflows onto normally dry land. Not all floods are alike; they happen on different scales of space and time. The main types of floods are:

Source: Weather.gov

Flash Floods

Flash floods can occur within a few minutes or hours of heavy rainfall or from a dam or levee failure. These floods can destroy structures, down trees, roll boulders, and create new waterways.

Urban Floods

Floods can be magnified in urban areas. As land is converted from fields and woodlands to roads and parking lots, it loses its ability to absorb rainfall. During periods of urban flooding, streets can become swift moving rivers.

River Floods

Flat areas near rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs are vulnerable to river floods. Some river floods occur when winter or spring rains fill river basins with too much water too quickly. Other floods can happen when storm systems move slowly or from heavy rains from hurricanes or tropical systems.

Area Floods

Area floods are long-lived and do not usually threaten life. Standing water in flat areas, such as an open field, is just one example of an area flood. Area floods can cause damage to crops and cause livestock to become displaced. Also, the standing water from this type of flooding can serve as a breeding ground for insects and diseases.

Did You Know?

In April 1979, heavy rain fell in central and east central Mississippi. Louisville, MS, recorded nearly twenty inches of rain, though a large part of the state recorded more than ten inches within two weeks. The heaviest rain fell in the headwaters of the Pearl River and within the Big Black River basin. River height gauges along and within the same watersheds set new all-time records. The Pearl River at Jackson crested at 43.28' on the 17th, flooding much of Jackson, and high water forced the evacuations of cities like Columbia and Monticello. You can learn more about of Mississippi’s impactful flooding events through NOAA’s Flood Safety page.