Types of Satellites
There are two main types of satellites:
Polar Operational Environmental Satellites fly at a lower orbit (~850 km) and move a slower speed, they orbit pole to pole producing high resolution pictures of the Earth. The satellite can circle the Earth from North to South and back again in about 12 hours.
Source: AVHRR/3 | NOAA
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites orbit the earth above the equator at the same speed as the rotation of the earth so it can transmit data over the same region continuously. They typically orbit the earth about 36,000 km above the earth.
Source: GOES-R | NOAA